Is Your Brushing Technique Actually Working?

Almost everyone brushes their teeth — but many people do it in a way that's less effective than it could be, or even potentially damaging. Brushing too hard, using the wrong motion, or neglecting certain areas can leave plaque behind and contribute to gum recession over time. Here's how to get it right.

Choosing the Right Toothbrush

Before technique, equipment matters. A soft-bristled toothbrush is recommended by dental professionals for most people. Medium and hard bristles are not more effective at cleaning — they simply carry a higher risk of damaging enamel and irritating gum tissue. As for size, the brush head should comfortably reach all areas of your mouth, including the back molars.

Electric toothbrushes are an excellent option. Oscillating-rotating models in particular have good evidence behind them for plaque removal. If you struggle with technique or consistency, an electric brush can do much of the work for you.

The Modified Bass Technique

The most widely recommended brushing method for adults is the Modified Bass Technique:

  1. Hold the brush at a 45-degree angle to the gumline, not perpendicular to the teeth.
  2. Use small circular or gentle back-and-forth vibrating motions — not long horizontal scrubbing strokes.
  3. Apply gentle pressure — if your bristles are splaying outward, you're pressing too hard.
  4. Clean the outer surfaces of all upper and lower teeth, then the inner surfaces, then the chewing surfaces.
  5. For the inner surfaces of the front teeth, tilt the brush vertically and use gentle up-and-down strokes.
  6. Finish by gently brushing the tongue to remove bacteria and freshen breath.

How Long Should You Brush?

Aim for a full two minutes, twice a day. This is longer than most people actually brush — studies consistently show the average brushing time falls well under a minute. Using a timer, a two-minute song, or an electric brush with a built-in timer can help you stay on track.

Common Brushing Mistakes to Avoid

  • Brushing immediately after acidic food or drink — wait at least 30 minutes after consuming acidic items (citrus, fizzy drinks) before brushing, as enamel is temporarily softened.
  • Using a frayed or old brush — replace your toothbrush every 3 months, or sooner if the bristles look worn.
  • Rinsing with water immediately after brushing — spitting out excess toothpaste but not rinsing allows fluoride to remain on teeth longer.
  • Skipping the inner surfaces — the tongue-side of lower front teeth is a commonly missed area.
  • Neglecting the gumline — plaque accumulates where teeth meet gums, so angling the brush there is essential.

Don't Forget to Floss

Brushing alone cleans roughly 60% of tooth surfaces. The spaces between teeth — where a toothbrush can't reach — require flossing or an interdental brush to clean properly. Floss once a day, ideally before brushing, to dislodge plaque and food debris from between teeth.

A Simple Habit with a Big Payoff

Two minutes, twice a day, with the right technique and a soft brush. It sounds simple because it is — but doing it correctly makes a significant difference to your long-term oral health. If you're unsure about your technique, ask your dentist or hygienist for a demonstration at your next visit.